Former supreme court judges say UK arming Israel breaches international law

Three former supreme court justices, including the court’s former president Lady Hale, are among more than 600 lawyers, academics and retired senior judges warning that the UK government is breaching international law by continuing to arm Israel.

In a letter to the prime minister, the signatories, who also include former court of appeal judges and more than 60 KCs, say that the present situation in Gaza is “catastrophic” and that given the international court of justice (ICJ) finding that there is a plausible risk of genocide being committed, the UK is legally obliged to act to prevent it.

The 17-page letter, which also amounts to a legal opinion, was sent on Wednesday evening and says: “While we welcome the increasingly robust calls by your government for a cessation of fighting and the unobstructed entry to Gaza of humanitarian assistance, simultaneously to continue (to take two striking examples) the sale of weapons and weapons systems to Israel and to maintain threats of suspending UK aid to Unwra falls significantly short of your government’s obligations under international law.”

It comes as Conservative MPs piled pressure on Rishi Sunak to act after seven international aid workers, including three British citizens, were killed by an Israeli airstrike in Gaza on Monday. Party sources believe that the foreign secretary, David Cameron, has been pushing for the government to harden its approach to Israel but has been met with resistance from Downing Street.

Three Tory backbenchers and one former minister now in the Lords said that the UK should stop exporting arms to Israel after the airstrike, while the findings of a YouGov poll, conducted before the strike, suggested that the government and Labour are out of step with public sentiment, with a majority of voters – by 56% to 17% – in favour of an arms ban.

The letter calls for the government to work towards a permanent ceasefire and to impose sanctions “upon individuals and entities who have made statements inciting genocide against Palestinians”. It says that restoring funding to Unrwa – which was withdrawn after Israel’s yet-to-be-substantiated allegations that 12 staff at the United Nations agency for Palestinian refugees were involved in the 7 October attacks – is necessary for “effective entry and distribution of the means of existence to Palestinians in Gaza, and by extension the prevention of genocide”.

On arming Israel, it says: “The ICJ’s conclusion that there exists a plausible risk of genocide in Gaza has placed your government on notice that weapons might be used in its commission and that the suspension of their provision is thus a ‘means likely to deter’ and/or ‘a measure to prevent’ genocide.”

The Conservative MPs David Jones, Paul Bristow and Flick Drummond, and the Tory peer Hugo Swire, all called for the suspension of arms exports to Israel after Peter Ricketts, who was a government national security adviser during David Cameron’s premiership and now sits in the Lords, expressed similar sentiments.

Drummond, the MP for Meon Valley, said: “This has been concerning me for some time. What worries me is the prospect of UK arms being used in Israel’s actions in Gaza, which I believe have broken international law.”

Lord Ricketts told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme: “I think there’s abundant evidence now that Israel hasn’t been taking enough care to fulfil its obligations on the safety of civilians. And a country that gets arms from the UK has to comply with international humanitarian law. That’s a condition of the arms export licence.”

The Scottish first minister, Humza Yousaf, warned that by refusing to stop arms sales to Israel, “the UK is in danger of being complicit in the killing of innocent civilians”.

The letter’s significance lies not just in the number of signatories but the fact that it has been signed by senior retired judges, who normally shy away from commenting publicly on issues that are politically sensitive.

Prominent signatories include the former supreme court justices Lord Sumption and Lord Wilson, the former Lord Justices of Appeal Sir Stephen Sedley, Sir Alan Moses, Sir Anthony Hooper and Sir Richard Aikens, and the former chair of the Bar of England and Wales, Matthias Kelly KC.

They say in the letter: “The UK must take immediate measures to bring to an end through lawful means acts giving rise to a serious risk of genocide. Failure to comply with its own obligations under the genocide convention to take ‘all measures to prevent genocide which were within its power’ would incur UK state responsibility for the commission of an international wrong, for which full reparation must be made.”

The letter goes further – and has a more eminent list of signatories – than a previous one sent to Sunak in October, concerning the government’s obligations to avert and avoid complicity in serious breaches of international humanitarian law.

It says there have since been “significant developments” in relation to the situation in Gaza. These include the interim orders issued by the ICJ and the worsening situation in Gaza, with at least 32,623 Palestinians killed by the Israeli offensive, “imminent famine”, caused by Israel’s blocking of aid, the destruction of health facilities, killings of healthcare and humanitarian workers, and reports of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment.

One of the signatories, Phillippa Kaufmann KC, said: “That so many senior members of the UK legal profession are speaking with such force to urge the government to act upon its legal obligations, demonstrates the depth of our concern about the clear evidence of gross violations of international law in Gaza.”

The letter also calls on the government to continue to “use all endeavours” to secure the release of the Israeli hostages seized in the 7 October attacks in which Hamas and other militant groups killed approximately 1,200 people in Israel.

The UK government has refused to publish its own legal advice on the matter but a leaked recording suggests its own lawyers have advised that Israel has breached international humanitarian law in Gaza.

Sunak told the Sun on Wednesday night that arms licences were kept under “careful” review according to “regulations and procedures that we’ll always follow”.

UK Judges’ and Lawyers’ Open Letter Concerning Gaza

London, 03 April 2024

We are UK-based or qualified lawyers, legal academics and former members of the judiciary committed to upholding the rule of law and to protecting fundamental rights; and who share deep concern about the catastrophe unfolding in the Gaza Strip.

In a letter dated 26 October 2023, over a thousand members of the legal profession wrote to you concerning your Government’s obligations to avert and avoid complicity in serious breaches of International Humanitarian Law (“IHL”) in Gaza.

Since that letter, there have been significant developments in relation to the situation in Gaza. These include the provisional order of the International Court of Justice dated 26 January 2024, by which the Court concluded that there was a plausible risk of genocide in Gaza;  UN Security Council Resolution 2728 on 25 March 2024 demanding an immediate ceasefire during the month of Ramadan; and the worsening situation in Gaza, where the UN and international aid agencies warn of imminent famine, and where a ground offensive is threatened in Rafah, the last place of refuge for two-thirds of the population.

We write in the light of these developments to remind you of your Government’s obligations under international law, which require you to take, amongst others, the following five actions:

1. to work actively and effectively to secure a permanent ceasefire in Gaza;
2. to take all available measures to ensure safe access to and delivery of the essentials of existence and medical assistance to Palestinians in Gaza, including confirmation that UK funding to UNRWA will continue with immediate effect;
3. to impose sanctions upon individuals and entities who have made statements inciting genocide against Palestinians;
4. to suspend the provision of weapons and weapons systems to the Government of Israel; and
5. to suspend the 2030 Road Map for UK-Israel bilateral relations and negotiations towards an enhanced trade agreement and to initiate a review into the suspension of the UK’s bilateral trade agreement with Israel and consider the imposition of sanctions.

A link to the full letter and detailed account of our reasons can be found here.

LIST OF SIGNATORIES:

This letter remains open for signature by retired judges, legal practitioners and legal academics (PhD or higher) qualified and/or practising in the UK.

The views and opinions expressed in this letter are those of the signatories and are not intended to reflect the official policy or position of their employers, or the organisations of which they are members or otherwise represent.

FORMER JUDICIARY

1. The Rt Hon Baroness Hale of Richmond, former President of the Supreme Court
2. The Rt Hon Lord Sumption, former Justice of the Supreme Court
3. The Rt Hon Lord Wilson, former Justice of the Supreme Court
4. The Rt Hon Sir Richard Aikens, former Lord Justice of Appeal
5. The Rt Hon Sir Anthony Hooper, former Judge of the Court of Appeal
6. The Rt Hon Sir Alan Moses, former Lord Justice of the Court of Appeal
7. The Rt Hon Sir Stephen Sedley, former Judge of the Court of Appeal
8. Her Honour Patricia Dangor, former Circuit Judge; and former Judge of the Appeal Court of Bermuda
9. His Honour Nic Madge, former Circuit Judge
10. Jane Coker, former Judge of the Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber)
11. Nadine Finch, former Judge of the Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber)
12. Catriona Jarvis, former Judge of the Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber)

KING’S COUNSEL

13. Andrew Hall KC, Former Chair of the Criminal Bar Association of England and Wales
14. The Lord John Hendy KC
15. Matthias Kelly KC SC, Former Chair of the Bar Council of England and Wales
16. Michael Mansfield KC, Former Judge on the Russell Tribunal on Palestine
17. Helen Mountfield KC, Principal of Mansfield College, Oxford
18. Jo Sidhu KC, Former Chair of the Criminal Bar Association of England and Wales
19. Monye Anyadike-Danes KC
20. Ali Naseem Bajwa KC
21. Henry Blaxland KC
22. Nicola Braganza KC
23. Jamie Burton KC
24. Chris Buttler KC
25. Peter Carter KC
26. Joanne Cecil KC
27. David Chirico KC
28. Sadiya Choudhury KC
29. Ben Cooper KC
30. Liz Davies KC
31. Laura Dubinsky KC
32. Desmond Fahy KC
33. Dr Felicity Gerry KC
34. Alex Goodman KC
35. Nina Grahame KC
36. Stephanie Harrison KC
37. David Heraghty KC
38. David Hislop KC
39. Raza Husain KC
40. Abdul Shaffaq Iqbal KC
41. Schona Jolly KC
42. Tristan Jones KC
43. Wayne Jordash KC
44. Stephen Kamlish KC
45. Phillippa Kaufmann KC
46. Samantha Knights KC
47. Anya Lewis KC
48. Sara Mansoori KC
49. Aileen McColgan KC
50. Brendan McGurk KC
51. Rajiv Menon KC
52. Joseph Middleton KC
53. Karon Monaghan KC
54. Anna Morris KC
55. Gráinne Murphy KC
56. Fiona Murphy KC
57. Patrick O’Connor KC
58. John O’Hare KC
59. Timothy Otty KC
60. Icah Peart KC
61. Meredith Pickford KC
62. Karen Quinlivan KC
63. Fergus Randolph KC
64. Rupert Reed KC
65. Irena Sabic KC
66. Duran Seddon KC
67. Imran Shafi KC
68. Stephen Simblet KC
69. Jessica Simor KC
70. Adam Straw KC
71. Mark Summers KC
72. Professor Leslie Thomas KC
73. Hugh Tomlinson KC
74. Pete Weatherby KC
75. Aswini Weereratne KC
76. Gemma White KC
77. Fran Wiley KC
78. Marc Willers KC
79. David Wolfe KC
80. James Wood KC
81. Hossein Zahir KC

FOUNDERS / PARTNERS / DIRECTORS OF LAW FIRMS / LEGAL ORGANISATIONS

82. Sir Geoffrey Bindman KC, Founding Partner, Bindmans LLP
83. Imran Khan KC, Partner, Imran Khan & Partners Solicitors
84. Roger Smith OBE, former Director, JUSTICE
85. Iqbal Ahmed, Partner, Ahmed & Co Solicitors
86. Maneer Ahmed, Partner, Burgoyne & Co Solicitors
87. Parveen Ahmed, Partner, Harrison Bundey Solicitors
88. Rosalyn Akar Grams, Managing Director, Legal Practice and Children’s Rights, Coram Children’s Legal Centre
89. Ashraful Alam, Partner, Longfords Solicitors
90. Tayab Ali, Partner and Head of International Law, Bindmans LLP
91. Aamer Anwar, Founding Partner, Aamer Anwar & Co Solicitors
92. Ahmed Aydeed, Director, Duncan Lewis Solicitors
93. Tim Barnden, Partner, Bates Wells
94. Raju Bhatt, Founding Partner, Bhatt Murphy Solicitors
95. Stephanie Biden, Partner, Bates Wells
96. Daniel Carey, Partner, Deighton Pierce Glynn
97. Martyn Day, Senior Partner, Leigh Day
98. Augustus Della-Porta, Partner, Bates Wells
99. Eleanor Duhs, Partner, Bates Wells
100. Shamik Dutta, Partner, Bhatt Murphy Solicitors
101. Katherine Claire Edgar, Partner, Francis Hanna & Co Solicitors
102. Rhona Friedman, Director, Commons Law CIC
103. Balvinder Gill, Partner, Imran Khan and Partners Solicitors
104. Ana González, Partner, Wilson Solicitors LLP
105. Vicky Guedella, Founding Partner (retired), Deighton Guedalla
106. Alice Hardy, Partner, Bindmans LLP
107. Waleed Hassan, Director, WH Solicitors
108. Niall John Hearty, Partner, Rahman Ravelli Solicitors
109. Alison Hunter, Partner, Wesley Gryk Solicitors LLP
110. Ibrahim Hussain, Director, Stonehall Solicitors
111. Riffat Hussain, Director, IBSA Legal LTD
112. Andrew Hutson, Partner, Thompsons Solicitors
113. Mahomed Foorqan Ismail, Director, MFI Law Limited
114. Bharine Kalsi, Partner, Deighton Pierce Glynn
115. Rukhsana Kauser, Director, KA Solicitors
116. William Kenyon, Partner, ITN Solicitors
117. Balaal Hussain Khan, Director, BKP Solicitors
118. Nazia Khan, Director, Duncan Lewis Solicitors
119. Zulfi Khan, Partner, TEN Legal Solicitor
120. Rukshana Koser, Partner, Langley Wellington LLP
121. Pierre Makhlouf, Legal Director, Bail for Immigration Detainees
122. Daniel Machover, Partner, Hickman and Rose
123. Attiq Malik, Director, Liberty Law Solicitors
124. Shaheen Mamun, Director, Black Antelope Law
125. Gene Matthews, Partner, Leigh Day
126. Jacqueline McKenzie, Partner, Leigh Day
127. Richard Meeran, Partner, Leigh Day
128. Clare Mellor, Chief Executive, Thompsons Solicitors
129. Dara Montague, Partner, Thomas T Montague Solicitors
130. Suzanne Moran, Founder, SRM Legal
131. Simon Natas FRSA, Partner, ITN Solicitors
132. Marcela Navarrete, Partner, Wilson Solicitors LLP
133. Waseem Nazir, Director, Batley Law
134. Michael Newman, Partner, Leigh Day
135. Aisling Ní Chuinn, Partner, Wilson Solicitors LLP
136. Pádraig Ó Muirigh, Director, Ó Muirigh Solicitors, Belfast
137. Henrietta Phillips, Partner, Thompsons Solicitors
138. Aziz Rahman, Director, Onyx Solicitors
139. Jahad Rahman, Partner, Rahman Lowe Solicitors
140. Irfan Rashid, Assistant Director, Trent Law Solicitors
141. Nina Rathbone Pullen, Partner, Wilson Solicitors LLP
142. Sarah Ricca, Partner, Deighton Pierce Glynn
143. Katy Robinson, Partner, Wilson Solicitors LLP
144. Jane Ryan, Partner, Bhatt Murphy Solicitors
145. Sana Saddique, Founder and Managing Director of Collective Law
146. Nosheen Saleem, Partner, Ahmed & Co Solicitors
147. Ali Sethi, Director, Bloomingdale Solicitors Ltd
148. Tahir Shafiq, Partner, Longfords Solicitors
149. Zed Shah, Partner, Shah Hague Solicitors
150. Samar Shams, Managing Partner, Changes Immigration Ltd
151. Waleed Sheikh, Partner, Leigh Day
152. Paul Shevlin, Managing Partner, Thompsons Solicitors
153. Mahmood Siddiqui, Director, Property Lawyers Limited
154. Laura Smith, Interim Legal Director, Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants
155. Dr Connie N Maina Sozi, Partner, Deighton Pierce Glynn
156. Gerard Stilliard, Partner, Thompsons Solicitors
157. Ruwan Subasinghe, Legal Director, International Transport Workers’ Federation
158. Nadeem Thanvi, Managing Partner, ITN Solicitors
159. Gias Uddin, Partner, Woolfe & Co Solicitors Ltd
160. Rashid Uzzaman, Managing Director, UVS Law
161. Kevin Winters, Founding Partner, KRW Law LLP
162. Zubier Yazdani, Partner, Deighton Pierce Glynn
163. Mitali Zakaria, Partner, ITN Solicitors

PROFESSORS AND PROFESSORS EMERITI

164. Professor Madeleine Rees OBE, London School of Economics
165. Professor Donatella Alessandrini, Kent Law School, University of Kent
166. Professor Mashood Baderin, SOAS, University of London; Former UN Independent Expert on the situation of Human Rights in the Sudan
167. Professor Nicola Barker, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool
168. Professor Bill Bowring, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences; Birkbeck College, University of London
169. Professor Nicole Busby, Professor of Human Rights, Equality and Justice, University of Glasgow
170. Professor Parosha Chandran, Barrister; Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London
171. Professor Christine Chinkin, Professorial Research Fellow, Centre for Women, Peace and Security, London School of Economics
172. Professor Joanne Conaghan FBA, FAcSS, University of Bristol Law School
173. Professor Angela Daly, Dundee Law School, University of Dundee
174. Professor Máiréad Enright, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham
175. Professor KD Ewing
176. Professor Marie Fox, Professor of Law, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool
177. Professor Conor Gearty FBA, KC (Hon), LSE Law School, London School of Economics
178. Professor Guy S. Goodwin-Gill, Emeritus Fellow, All Souls College, Oxford; Emeritus Professor, University of Oxford
179. Professor Louise Mallinder, Deputy Director and Legacy Theme Lead, Senator George J. Mitchell Institute for Global Peace, Justice and Security, Queen’s University Belfast
180. Professor Susan Marks FBA, LSE Law School, London School of Economics
181. Professor Pádraig McAuliffe, School of Law, University of Liverpool
182. Professor Luke Moffett, School of Law, Queen’s University Belfast
183. Professor Violeta Moreno-Lax, Professor of Law, School of Law, Queen Mary, University of London
184. Professor Peter Muchlinksi, Emeritus Professor of International Commercial Law, School of Law, Gender and Media, SOAS, University of London
185. Professor Tonia Novitz, Professor of Labour Law, University of Bristol Law School
186. Professor Rory O’Connell, Transitional Justice Institute and School of Law, Ulster University
187. Professor Aoife O’Donoghue, School of Law, Queen’s University Belfast
188. Professor Lutz Oette, School of Law & Centre for Human Rights Law, SOAS, University of London
189. Professor Catherine O’Rourke, Durham Law School, Durham University
190. Professor Eva Pils, Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London
191. Professor Bernard Ryan, University of Leicester
192. Professor Christine Schwöbel-Patel, School of Law, University of Warwick
193. Professor Mohammad Shahabuddin, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham
194. Professor Charlotte Villiers, Professor of Company Law, University of Bristol Law School*
195. Professor Lynn Welchman, School of Law, SOAS, University of London
196. Professor David Whyte, School of Law, Queen Mary University of London
197. Professor Siobhán Wills, Director of the Transitional Justice Institute, Ulster University
198. Professor Hakeem Yusuf, Professor of Global Law, Derby Law School, University of Derby

OTHER BARRISTERS

199. Zayd Ahmed, Barrister, Chair of the Young Criminal Bar Association of England and Wales
200. Zimran Samuel MBE, Barrister; Visiting Professor in Practice, London School of Economics
201. Rhia Abukhalil, Barrister
202. Dr Mirza Ahmad, Barrister
203. Gulam Ahmed, Barrister
204. Syed Ahmed, Barrister
205. Samreen Akhtar, Barrister
206. Ishtiyaq Ali, Barrister
207. Umar Ali, Barrister
208. Mark Allison, Barrister
209. Zafar Ansari, Barrister
210. Naima Asif, Barrister
211. Leona Askin BL, Barrister
212. Brigid Baillie, Barrister
213. Tayyiba Bajwa, Barrister
214. Faras Baloch, Barrister
215. Ciara Bartlam, Barrister
216. Soraya Bauwens, Barrister
217. Ross Beaton, Barrister
218. Omran Belhadi, Barrister
219. Verity Bell, Barrister
220. Ryan Bestford, Barrister
221. Jodie Blackstock, Barrister
222. Jack Boswell, Barrister
223. Delphine Breese-Laughran, Barrister
224. George L C Brown, Barrister
225. Ben Bundock, Barrister
226. Sean Butler, Barrister
227. Joseph Byrne, Barrister
228. David Carter, Barrister
229. Lisa Casey BL, Barrister
230. Rebecca Chapman, Barrister
231. Saiqa Chaudhry, Barrister
232. Reza Choudhury, Barrister
233. Ayesha Christie, Barrister
234. Rosalind Comyn, Barrister
235. Paul Kingsley Clark, Barrister
236. Madelaine Clifford, Barrister
237. Janet Cragg, Barrister
238. Natalie Csengeri, Barrister
239. Meghan Curran, Barrister
240. Osama Daneshyar, Barrister
241. Tetevi Davi, Barrister
242. Anita Davies, Barrister
243. Stephanie Davin, Barrister
244. Layla Dean-Verity, Barrister
245. Brendan Devlin, Barrister
246. Cormac Devlin, Barrister
247. Helen Douglass-Dixon, Barrister
248. Kelly Doherty BL, Barrister
249. Rayan Fakhoury, Barrister
250. Josephine Fathers, Barrister
251. Steven Galliver-Andrew, Barrister
252. Arshad Ghaffar, Barrister
253. Nicholas Gibson, Barrister
254. Patrick Gillen BL, Barrister
255. Eleanor Gleeson, Barrister
256. David Gregory, Barrister
257. Daniel Grütters, Barrister
258. Yasser Gulraiz, Barrister
259. Khatija Hafesji, Barrister
260. Nour Haidar, Barrister
261. Mustapha Hakme, Barrister
262. Raza Halim, Barrister
263. Mira Hammad, Barrister
264. Zoe Harper, Barrister
265. Alison Harvey, Barrister
266. John Hobson, Barrister
267. Louise Hooper, Barrister
268. Ruba Huleihel, Barrister
269. Aqsa Hussain, Barrister
270. Ghazala Hussain, Barrister
271. Tasaddat Hussain, Barrister
272. Darryl Hutcheon, Barrister
273. Turan Hursit, Barrister
274. Arnela Imamovic, Barrister
275. Dr Alice Irving, Barrister
276. Tamara Jaber, Barrister
277. Rehab Jaffer, Barrister
278. Vijay Jagadesham, Barrister
279. Tim James-Matthews, Barrister
280. Naeem Karbhari, Barrister
281. Mikhil Karnik, Barrister
282. Caitríona M Keenan BL, Barrister
283. Aislinn Kelly-Lyth, Barrister
284. Nicola Kerr BL, Barrister
285. Anas Khan, Barrister
286. Forz Khan, Barrister
287. Shazia Khan, Barrister
288. Geeta Koska, Barrister
289. Raggi Kotak, Barrister
290. Dammaris Lamkin, Barrister (retired)
291. Victoria Laughton, Barrister
292. Harriet Lavin, Barrister
293. Taimour Lay, Barrister
294. Joscelyn Lee, Barrister
295. Hugo Leith, Barrister
296. Eleanor Leydon, Barrister
297. Kevin Lister, Barrister
298. Natasha Lloyd-Owen, Barrister
299. Tom Lowenthal, Barrister
300. Brian P. Lundy BL, Barrister
301. Alasdair Mackenzie, Barrister
302. Lucy Mair, Barrister
303. Mohsin Malik, Barrister
304. Nabila Mallick, Barrister
305. Danielle Manson, Barrister
306. Piers Marquis, Barrister
307. Rebecca Martin, Barrister
308. Katharine McAleavey BL, Barrister
309. Hamish McCallum, Barrister
310. Lucy McCann, Barrister
311. Alexander McColl, Barrister
312. Ciaran McCollum BL, Barrister
313. Ben McCormack, Barrister
314. Gerard McGettigan BL, Barrister
315. Pauline McHugh, Barrister
316. Séamus McIlroy BL, Barrister
317. Patrick McMorrow, Barrister
318. Imogen Mellor, Barrister
319. Maryam Mir, Barrister
320. Raza Mithani, Barrister
321. Hashi Mohamed, Barrister
322. George Molyneaux, Barrister
323. Helen Monah, Barrister
324. Angharad Monk, Barrister
325. Andrew Moriarty BL, Barrister
326. Matthew Moriarty, Barrister
327. Una Morris, Barrister
328. Piers Mostyn, Barrister
329. Elizabeth Mottershaw, Barrister
330. Tamara Muhammad, Barrister
331. Maeve Mullan BL, Barrister
332. Margo Munro Kerr, Barrister
333. Shuyeb Muquit, Barrister
334. Rea Murray, Barrister
335. Adil Navaid, Barrister
336. Jesse Nicholls, Barrister
337. Nicholas Nicol, Barrister
338. Angelina Nicolaou, Barrister
339. Seán O’Hare BL, Barrister
340. Richard O’Keeffe, Barrister
341. Nadia O’Mara, Barrister
342. Sarah O’Reilly BL, Barrister
343. Maeve O’Rourke, Barrister
344. Ayesha Omar, Barrister
345. Lynton Orrett, Barrister
346. Ahmed Osman, Barrister
347. Marie Paris, Barrister
348. Vincent Parkin, Barrister
349. Samir Pasha, Barrister
350. Catherine Philps, Barrister
351. Emmeline Plews, Barrister
352. Rosa Polaschek, Barrister
353. Tim Potter, Barrister
354. James Presland, Barrister
355. Imogen Proud, Barrister
356. Nigel Quinn BL, Barrister
357. Declan P Quinn BL, Barrister
358. Waqas Rashid, Barrister
359. Kim Renfrew, Barrister
360. Kate Riekstina, Barrister
361. Daniel Robinson, Barrister
362. Bethan Rogers, Barrister
363. Darcy Rollins BL, Barrister
364. Hannah Rought-Brooks, Barrister
365. Faisel Sadiq, Barrister
366. Lyndsey Sambrooks-Wright, Barrister
367. Zac Sammour, Barrister
368. Max Schaefer, Barrister
369. Ruby Selva, Barrister
370. Isha Shakir, Barrister
371. Clementine Simon, Barrister
372. Vida Simpeh, Barrister
373. Shanthi Sivakumaran, Barrister
374. Aileen Smyth BL, Barrister
375. Helena Spector, Barrister
376. Rudolph Spurling, Barrister
377. Robbie Stern, Barrister
378. Kate Stone, Barrister
379. Roisin Swords-Kieley, Barrister
380. Leila Taleb, Barrister
381. Nina Tavakoli, Barrister
382. Daniel Taylor, Barrister
383. Gwawr Thomas, Barrister
384. Emma Turnbull, Barrister
385. Laurene Veale, Barrister
386. Camille Warren, Barrister
387. Christian Weaver, Barrister
388. Hannah Webb, Barrister
389. Natalie Wilkins, Barrister
390. Helena Wilson BL, Barrister
391. Pippa Woodrow, Barrister
392. Susan Wright, Barrister
393. Camila Zapata Besso, Barrister

OTHER SOLICITORS / LAWYERS

393. Malak Abbas, Solicitor
394. Aisha Abdul-Latif, Solicitor
395. Neena Acharya, Solicitor
396. Kehinde Adeogun, Solicitor
397. Yasmin Adib, Solicitor
398. Mudasar Ahmed, Solicitor
399. Riad Ahmed, Solicitor
400. Syed Moshahid Ahmed, Solicitor
401. Waseem Ahmed, Solicitor
402. Farhat Akbar, Solicitor
403. Naheed Akhtar, Solicitor
404. Malik Aldeiri, Solicitor
405. Ahmed Ali, Solicitor
406. Rejwan Ali, Solicitor
407. Shelly Ali, Solicitor
408. Les Allamby, Solicitor (non-practising)
409. Jihad Al Najjar, Solicitor
410. Zahra Anderson Nanji, Solicitor
411. Murshed Anwar, Solicitor
412. Arif Awan, Solicitor
413. Kiran Ayub, Solicitor
414. Zabina Azim, Solicitor
415. Jag Bahra, Solicitor
416. Nilofar Firoz Bawla, Solicitor
417. Hannah Baynes, Solicitor
418. Grace Benton, Solicitor
419. Julian Bild, Solicitor
420. Daniel Blaney, Solicitor
421. Keshina Bouri, Solicitor
422. Úna Boyd, Solicitor
423. Caroline Brogan, Solicitor
424. Salima Budhani, Solicitor
425. Ruth Bundey, Solicitor
426. Lauren Butler, Solicitor (non-practising); Lecturer, University of Law
427. Mahnoor Butt, Solicitor
428. Lucy Cadd, Solicitor
429. Chris Callender, Solicitor
430. James Callender, Solicitor
431. Asya Chaudhry, Solicitor
432. Zoheb Chaudhry, Solicitor
433. Rashmi Chopra, Solicitor
434. Aisha Choudhry, Solicitor
435. Enny Choudhury, Solicitor
436. Nelson Reinaldo Cifuentes, Solicitor
437. Jane Cleasby, Solicitor
438. Amy Clements, Solicitor
439. Michael Clements, Solicitor
440. Francesca Cociani, Solicitor
441. Cecilia Correale, Solicitor
442. Lydia Dagostino, Solicitor
443. Urfan Dar, Solicitor
444. Carol Day, Senior Solicitor
445. Sidra Dean, Solicitor
446. Martin Durkan, Solicitor
447. Abu Musa Elas, Solicitor
448. Clare Evans, Solicitor
449. Cristiana Evans, Solicitor
450. Van Ferguson, Solicitor
451. Róise Fitzpatrick, Solicitor
452. Mark Foley, Solicitor
453. Kay Foxall, Solicitor
454. Kulvinder Gill, Solicitor
455. Taher Gulamhussein, Solicitor
456. Niki Hadjivasiliou, Solicitor
457. Nicola Hall, Solicitor
458. Kate Hallam, Solicitor
459. Bella Hanif, Solicitor
460. Jessica Hargreaves, Solicitor
461. Mark Hargreaves, Solicitor (retired)
462. Charlotte Haworth Hird, Solicitor
463. Juliane Heider, Solicitor
464. Emily Dawn Heinrich, Senior Solicitor
465. Amie Higgins, Solicitor
466. Alexander Hogg, Solicitor
467. Jed Holloway, Solicitor
468. Aisha Hussain, Solicitor
469. Farah Hussain, Solicitor
470. Rfaket Hussain, Solicitor
471. Firdous Ibrahim, Solicitor
472. Zaira Ilyas, Solicitor
473. Iram Iqbal, Solicitor
474. Shaid Iqbal, Solicitor
475. Nilima Islam, Solicitor
476. Sura Jawad, Solicitor
477. Nina Kamp, Solicitor
478. Punam Bains Kannas, Solicitor
479. Nasreen Karim, Solicitor
480. Madiya Karassayeva, Solicitor
481. Kalvir Kaur, Solicitor
482. Yassamin Keshtmand, Solicitor
483. Adeela Khan, Solicitor
484. Shahreen Khanom, Solicitor
485. Elinor Kirchwey, Solicitor
486. Filip Kostanecki, Solicitor
487. Raman Kumar, Solicitor
488. Sarah Lewis, Solicitor
489. Philip Liptrot, Solicitor
490. Robert Lizar, Solicitor
491. Suzanne Loding, Solicitor
492. Dmitri Macmillen, Solicitor
493. Umar Madni, Solicitor
494. Adnan Mahmood, Solicitor
495. Sadia Mahmood, Solicitor
496. Mohammed Arham Malik, Solicitor
497. Wajid Manzoor, Solicitor
498. Salma Maqsood, Solicitor
499. Katie McAllister, Solicitor
500. Niall McMahon, Solicitor
501. Gemma McKeown, Solicitor
502. Sarah McSherry, Solicitor
503. Ruth Mercer, Solicitor
504. Nilufar Miah, Solicitor
505. Sally Middleton, Solicitor
506. Guy Mitchell, Solicitor
507. Fara Mohammad, Solicitor
508. Lucy Morgan, Solicitor
509. Rajiv Nair, Solicitor
510. Bethan Neale-McGovern, Solicitor
511. Ameera Nosheen, Solicitor
512. Absal Nuseibeh, Solicitor
513. Joanne O’Dea, Solicitor
514. Ed O’Driscoll, Solicitor
515. Carolin Ott, Solicitor
516. Sabeena Pirooz, Solicitor
517. Adnan Rafique, Solicitor
518. Awaz Raoof, Solicitor
519. Rizwan Rashid, Solicitor
520. Sarah Rashid, Senior Solicitor
521. Mohammed Riaz, Solicitor
522. Shabnam Riaz, Solicitor
523. Sarah Ridley, Solicitor
524. Meaghan Redmond, Solicitor
525. Claire Roberts, Solicitor
526. David Rommer, Solicitor
527. Alex Rowe, Solicitor
528. Jamila Salam, Solicitor
529. John Sandiford, Solicitor
530. Mala Savjani, Solicitor
531. Oliver Scutt, Solicitor
532. Sania Shah, Solicitor
533. Gus Silverman, Solicitor
534. Fahima Sultana, Solicitor
535. Rowena Summers, Solicitor
536. Frances Swaine, Solicitor
537. Adil Syed, Solicitor Advocate
538. Charlotte Sykes, Solicitor
539. Khansa Taha, Solicitor
540. Roopa Tanna, Solicitor
541. Bilal Tanveer, Solicitor
542. Imogen Townley, Solicitor
543. Giulia Tranchina, Solicitor
544. Phuong Truong, Solicitor
545. Raja Uruthiravinayagan, Solicitor
546. Peter Walker, Solicitor
547. Rachel Waller, Solicitor
548. Liana Wood, Solicitor
549. Rosie Worster, Solicitor
550. Jane Wright, Solicitor
551. Anam Yaqoob, Solicitor
552. Abbas Younis, Solicitor
553. Alias Yousaf, Solicitor
554. Shazia Yousaf, Solicitor
555. Asma Zbidi, Solicitor

OTHER LEGAL ACADEMICS

556. Dr Kathryn Allinson, Lecturer in Law, Bristol Law School, University of Bristol
557. Dr Louise Arimatsu, Distinguished Policy Fellow, Center for Women, Peace and Security, London School of Economics
558. Dr Katie Bales, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Bristol
559. Dr Samia Bano, Reader in Law, School of Law, SOAS, University of London
560. Dr Emily Barritt, Senior Lecturer in Law, Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London
561. Dr Catherine Briddick, Associate Professor, University of Oxford
562. Judith Bueno de Mesquita, Senior Lecturer in Law, School of Law and Human Rights Centre, University of Essex
563. Dr Koldo Casla, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Essex
564. Dr Tanzil Chowdhury, Senior Lecturer in Public Law, School of Law, Queen Mary University
565. Dr Bleddyn Davies, Head of the School of Law, Keele University
566. Dr Manoj Dias-Abey, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Bristol
567. Dr Catriona Drew, Lecturer in Law, School of Law, SOAS, University of London
568. Dr Eleanor Drywood, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Liverpool
569. Dr Ruth Fletcher, Reader in Law, School of Law, Queen Mary, University of London
570. Dr Garcés de Marcilla Musté, Lecturer in Law, University of Exeter
571. Dr Joanna Gilmore, Senior Lecturer in Law, York Law School, University of York
572. Dr Danielle Griffiths, Lecturer in Law, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool
573. Dr Maja Grundler, Lecturer in Law, Department of Criminology and Law, Royal Holloway, University of London
574. Ruby Hammer, Deputy Head of Law, University of Manchester
575. Dr Vanja Hamzić, Reader in Law, School of Law, SOAS, University of London
576. Dr Lena Hozer, Assistant Professor in Gender, Race and the Law, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge
577. Dr Jasmin Johurun Nessa, Liverpool Law School, University of Liverpool
578. Dr Arwen Joyce, Lecturer, Leicester Law School, University of Leicester
579. Dr Sara Kendall, Reader in International Law, University of Kent
580. Dr Amanda Kramer, School of Law, Queen’s University Belfast
581. Dr Jane Krishnadas, Director of Legal Outreach, School of Law, Keele University
582. Dr Vidya Kumar, Senior Lecturer in Law, School of Law, Gender and Media, SOAS, University of London
583. Dr Louise Loder, Lecturer, University of Essex Law School
584. Dr Gail Lythgoe, Lecturer in Law, School of Law, University of Edinburgh
585. Dr Zaina Mahmoud, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool
586. Dr Luke McDonagh, Assistant Professor, LSE Law School, London School of Economics
587. Paul McKeown, Barrister; Associate Professor of Law, City, University of London
588. Dr Parvathi Menon, Lecturer in Law, School of Law, Gender and Media, SOAS, University of London
589. Dr George Meszaros, Associate Professor, School of Law, University of Warwick
590. Dr Lydia Morgan, Associate Professor, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham
591. Dr Anna Nelson, Research Associate, School of Law, University of Sheffield
592. Dr Anne Neylon, Lecturer in Law, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool
593. Dr Paul O’Connell, Reader in Law, School of Law, Gender and Media, SOAS, University of London
594. Shaila Pal, Solicitor; Director of Clinical Legal Education, Senior Lecturer, Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London
595. Dr Nicola Palmer, Reader in Criminal Law, Senior Fellow, The Dickinson Poon School of Law, King’s College London
596. Dr Alice Panepinto, Reader in Law, School of Law, Queen’s University Belfast
597. Dr Marie Petersmann, Assistant Professor, LSE Law School, London School of Economics
598. Dr Lea Raible, Senior Lecturer in Law, School of Law, University of Glasgow
599. Dr Sara Razai, Research Fellow and International Projects Lead, British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL)
600. Dr Flora Renz, SFHEA, Senior Lecturer in Law, Co-Director of the Center for Sexuality, Race and Gender Justice, Kent Law School, University of Kent*
601. Dr Elizabeth Chloe Romanis, Associate Professor, Durham Law School, University of Durham
602. Dr Yvette Russell, Associate Professor, University of Bristol Law School
603. Dr Josipa Šarić, Lecturer in Law, Kent Law School, University of Kent
604. Dr Natalie Sedacca, Assistant Professor, Durham Law School, Durham University
605. Keith Simpson, Barrister; Senior Lecturer, City Law School, City, University of London
606. Dr Graham Smith, Senior Lecturer in Law, School of Law, University of Manchester
607. Dr Sarah Singh, Lecturer in Law, Liverpool Law School, University of Liverpool
608. Dr Tara Van Ho, Senior Lecturer in Law, Essex Law School and Human Rights Centre, University of Essex
609. Dr Anil Yilmaz Vastardis, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Essex
610. Dr Se-shauna Wheatle, Associate Professor, Durham Law School, University of Durham
611. Dr Kara Woodbury-Smith, Assistant Professor of Legal Theory, Durham Law School, Durham University
612. Dr Nuhu Yidana, Lecturer in Law, School of Law, SOAS, University of London
613. Dr Michelle Staggs Kelsall, SOAS, University of London